What is Biomechanics?
Biomechanics is the study of the forces acting on a biological system, such as the effects of the laws of motion on an animal.

Biomechanics is the study of the maths behind the movement. Many riders use biomechanics in their day-to-day training without realising it - whether they are talking about riders staying 'on the movement', a horse that is 'on the forehand', bascules in jumping or hock flexion in piaffe.

Some subtleties, like slight muscle asymmetries or sub-clinical joint problems, require a precise mathematical analysis of the forces acting on the musculo-skeletal system and their effects using specialized equipment. However, a lot of problems are obvious enough to be seen by the trained eye, like a rider being left behind the horse's movement. Riding is a psychological sport but it is governed by the principles of physics - by understanding the rules you can play the game better making for happier horses and relaxed riders.

Some of the simple ideas that riders can use at home are covered in the next few pages.

Balance, Symmetry, Efficiency, Power & Coordination
Factors that can be considered include:

• Stride length, stride frequency and potential for speed
  
• Centre of Gravity placement (where the horse carries his weight)
  
• Signs of stiffness, joint pain, back pain or inappropriate shoeing
  
• Neck, back and shoulder athleticism
  
• Symmetry of conformation, movement and muscle tone
  
• Quality of movement in joint angles and hoof placements
  
• Intra-limb coordination
  
• Power generation in the hindlimbs
  
• Angular momentum on the ground and in the air
  
• Efficiency of movement
  
• Rider posture
  
• Rider influence